Amabhizinisi anamuhla ancike ekuxhumaneni okungenantambo okuthembekile, kodwa-ke izakhiwo eziningi zezentengiselwano zihlushwa izindawo ezishaywayo eziphazamisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke futhi zicekele phansi ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende. Lapho abasebenzi bephuthelwa izingcingo ezibalulekile, izinhlelo zokuthengisa zilahlekelwa ukuxhumana ngesikhathi esimatasa kakhulu, futhi izinzwa ezibalulekile ze-IoT ziphuma ongwaqeni, umkhiqizo uthatha umthelela okalwayo kuyo yonke iminyango. Uhlelo lwe-antenna ye-DAS luye lwavela njengesixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu kulezi zinselele zesignali ezisakazekile ngokusabalalisa ngobuhlakani ukumbozwa kweselula kuso sonke isakhiwo. Ngokungafani nama-booster esignali ayisisekelo asebenza endaweni eyodwa encane, uhlelo lwe-antenna olusabalalisiwe lusebenza ngokuvumelana nama-carrier amaningi ukuze lulethe ukuxhumana okungaguquki nokuthembekile kuwo wonke umuntu ngaphakathi. Ezinkampanini ezizimisele ukuqeda izindawo ezishaywayo nokwakha ingqalasizinda engenantambo elungele ikusasa, ukuqonda umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-DAS esebenzayo ne-passive yisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile. Lesi sihloko sizochitha ngendlela ehlelekile izinganekwane ezivame kakhulu ze-antenna ye-DAS futhi sibonise ukuthi kungani i-passive DAS iyisinqumo esingcono, esonga izindleko, eningizimu yezinkampani eziningi.

Emgogweni lobuchwepheshe, uhlelo lokusabalalisa izintambo oluhlukanisiwe (distributed antenna system) luyinethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamaphoyinti ezintambo ahlukaniswe ngokwesikhala axhunywe kumthombo owodwa wesiginali, aklanyelwe ukusakaza ukufinyelela kwezokuxhumana ngaphandle kwezintambo ezindaweni ezinkulu zangaphakathi. Lobu buchwepheshe obusha bubamba amasiginali emibhoshongo yangaphandle eseduze noma isiteshi esizinikele bese bewusabalalisa ngaphakathi, kuqinisekiswa ukufinyelela okuqinile lapho amasiginali avamile ehluleka ukungena khona. I-cellular DAS inamandla ayingqayizivele okusekela abathwali abaningi ngasikhathi sinye, inikeza wonke umsebenzisi ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yomhlinzeki wakhe ngaphandle kobunzima bokuhambisana. Ukusebenza kwangempela kwe-indoor DAS kuncike cishe ngokuphelele ohlotsheni oluthile lohlelo olusetshenzisiwe, okunciphisa isinqumo ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko: ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi (active and passive). Ukuqaphela lokhu kwehluka kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuqondile ukwakha izindleko zokuqala, ubunkimbinkimbi bokufaka, izibopho zokunakekela zesikhathi eside, nokwethembeka kwesistimu yonke. Indlela ngayinye yokwakha iletha amandla ayo kanye nezimo ezifanele zokusetshenziswa okufanele abaholi bebhizinisi bakuhlole ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ngezinsiza.

I-DAS esebenzayo (Active DAS) imele uhlelo olwakhiwe ngokugcwele, oludinga ingqalasizinda enkulu, olusebenzisa izingxenye ezinamandla, okuhlanganisa izintambo ze-fiber-optic zokubuyisela emuva kanye nama-remote radio units, ukukhiqiza nokusabalalisa isignali yalo uqobo isuka emthonjeni ozinikele. Lolu hlobo lohlelo lwezintambo ezisabalalisiwe (distributed antenna system) luncike endaweni yokuxhumanisa (head-end unit) noma isiteshi esiyisisekelo (base station) esondla indawo ngayinye ye-antenna, okwenza lube luqinile ngokukhethekile, lukwazi ukukhula, futhi lukwazi ukuphatha imithwalo emikhulu kakhulu yabasebenzisi. Izixazululo ze-Active DAS zithunyelwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zomphakathi njengezinkundla zemidlalo, izikhumulo zezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe, izibhedlela ezinkulu, kanye nezikhungo ezinkulu zemihlangano lapho izinkulungwane zabasebenzisi abavumelanayo zidinga ukuxhumana okunamandla okukhulu, okuhlala kuvuliwe. Nokho, lokhu kusebenza okukhethekile kufika ngentengo ephezulu kwezimali, ngoba izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zidinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile be-RF, umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza okuphezulu. Kwabanikazi bezakhiwo abaningi kakhulu, izindleko ezinkulu zongqimba kanye nezindleko eziphindaphindwayo zokusebenza ze-Active DAS akunakwazi ukuthetheleleka. Leli qiniso yingakho amahhovisi amaningi ezentengiselwano, izitolo ezithengisayo, nezikhungo eziphakathi nendawo ngobuhlakani ziphendukela kwezinye izindlela ezingasebenzi (passive alternatives) esikhundleni salokho.

I-Passive DAS, ngokuphambene, ibamba futhi ikhulise amasignali akhona avela emibhoshongweni yamaselula eseduze ngaphandle kokukhiqiza isignali yayo yekhwalithi yenethiwekhi, okwenza kube yisixazululo esihlakaniphile ngokwezomnotho futhi esisebenzayo kakhulu ezakhiweni eziningi. Lolu hlelo luncike ekuhlanganisweni okuhleliwe kwama-antenna, izintambo ze-coaxial, izihlukanisi zesignali, nama-amplifier aphindwe kabili ukuze kukhuliswe isignali yamaselula ekhona futhi isatshalaliswe ngokuphelele kuyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa yokuthi lusebenzisa amasignali asevele ekhona endaweni, i-passive DAS ibiza kancane kakhulu ukuthengwa, ukufakwa, nokugcinwa kunesistimu ye-active efanayo. Ifaneleka kakhulu ezakhiweni zamahhovisi, izindawo zokudweba, amahhotela, izakhiwo zokupaka, nezindawo zezimboni ezidinga ukumbozwa okuthembekile ezindaweni eziyizigidi zamafidi-skwele. Naphezu kobulula bayo bobuchwepheshe, i-passive DAS yanamuhla iletha ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngempela, nabakhiqizi abahamba phambili beqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze baqinisekise ukuzinza nempilo ende yokusebenza. Empeleni, i-passive distributed antenna system eyakhiwe kahle inikeza ukulinganisela okufanele phakathi kokusebenza okuphezulu nokuthengeka okungabizi.

Enye yezinkolelo eziqinile kakhulu ezizungeze i-passive DAS ukukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zivame ukuvala futhi zidale ukuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, kodwa lokhu kukhathazeka akumelani nobuchwepheshe banamuhla. Ama-signal booster ezizukulwane ezindala kungenzeka abe nenkinga ye-oscillation nokuziphazamisa, kodwa imishini yanamuhla ye-passive DAS ifaka izinhlelo zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithola futhi zilungise lezi zinkinga ngokuzenzakalelayo ngaphambi kokuba zithinte abasebenzisi. Ama-amplifier nama-filter anamuhla aqhubeka eqapha amazinga esignali futhi alungise amandla okukhiphayo ngobuhlakani ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza okungenaphutha nokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngenxa yalokho, izixazululo zanamuhla ze-passive DAS ziletha uhlobo lokuxhumana oluthembekile noluhlala lukhona amabhizinisi aselindele emananethiwekhi abo abalulekile. Ukukhathazeka okungapheli mayelana nokuvalwa okuvamisile kakhulu kuyinsalela yobuchwepheshe obudala obuye kwathathelwa indawo yizixazululo ezihlakaniphile nezimelana nezimo kangcono. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani zingazibophezela ku-passive cellular DAS ngokuzethemba okugcwele ukuthi ukuxhumana kwazo kuzohlala kuzinzile futhi kuphephile.

Okucatshangwayo okwesibili okusabalele ukuthi ukufaka uhlelo lwe-DAS antenna kumelela umsebenzi onzima, othatha izinyanga, ophazamisa ukusebenza kwansuku zonke kwesakhiwo, kodwa abafaki abaqeqeshiwe bahlale beqedela le misebenzi emasontweni hhayi ezinyangeni. Umhlanganisi onedumela elihle uqala inqubo ngokuhlola indawo ngokucophelela kanye nokuklama okunembile kwe-RF, bese efaka ama-antenna, izintambo, nama-amplifier ngokohlelo olufakazelwe lokuqalisa. Ngenxa yokuthi i-passive DAS ikakhulukazi isebenzisa izintambo ezilula ze-coaxial futhi igwema ingqalasizinda eyinkimbinkimbi ye-fiber-optic backhaul, inqubo yokufaka ayiphazamisi kangako kunalokho abanikazi bamabhizinisi abacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka. Iningi lokufakwa kwezentengiselwano lingahlelwa ngezikhathi zangemva kwemisebenzi noma ngempelasonto ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza kwabasebenzi kanye nokuhamba kwamakhasimende. Uma uhlelo selusebenza ngokugcwele, umthelela omuhle ekuxhumaneni uba sobala ngokushesha kuyo yonke indawo yesakhiwo. Ngokuhlela okucophelelayo nethimba lokufaka elinolwazi, uhambo lonke kusukela ekuklameni kuya ekusebenziseni luqhubeka kahle nangempumelelo.

Izinqumo eziningi nazo zicabanga ukuthi i-passive DAS ayikwazi ukuletha ukumboza okuthembekile ezakhiweni ezinkulu, kodwa lokhu kucabanga kushaya indiva amandla amakhulu ezingxenye zesimanje zohlelo. I-passive DAS yekhwalithi ephezulu inamandla okukhulisa amasignali afinyelela ezikhathini ezingama-32, okwanele ngaphezu kokunikeza ukumboza okuqinile nokuthembekile ezindaweni ezinkulu ezifinyelela kuma-square feet angu-250,000. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nezikhungo zokusabalalisa ezisakazekile, imibhoshongo yamahhovisi emihlaba eminingi, nezinkundla zokuthenga ezinkulu konke kungajabulela ukuxhumana kwefoni okuqinile kuyo yonke indawo yazo. Izinto eziyinhloko ezinquma impumelelo ukubekwa kwama-antenna ngendlela efanele nokuklanywa kohlelo ngokucophelela, kokubili okwenziwa onjiniyela abanekhono ukuze kuhambisane nesakhiwo sezakhiwo ngasinye. Uma uhlelo lulungiswe ngendlela efanele, i-DAS yangaphakathi yeqa kalula izidingo zokumboza cishe zawo wonke amabhizinisi asebenzayo namuhla. Ngakho-ke, usayizi wesakhiwo akufanele ubonwe njengomgoqo uma ucabangela isixazululo se-passive DAS endaweni yakho.

I-Shenzhen Narwhal Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. izehlukanise njengomkhiqizi ovelele wezintambo zokuxhumana ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nezixazululo ze-DAS ezihola embonini ezithenjwa amakhasimende emhlabeni wonke. Imikhiqizo yabo yohlelo lwezintambo ezisabalalisiwe yakhelwe ngokucophelela ukuze ithembeke futhi ihlale isebenza isikhathi eside, isebenzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza. I-antenna ngayinye ye-Narwhal DAS iqinisekiswe yi-FCC, okuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlangabezana namazinga aqinile okulawula ukuqina kwesignali nokuphepha emakethe yase-United States. Izintambo zenkampani zisekela bonke abahlinzeki abakhulu, ziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi, amakhasimende, nezivakashi bakwazi ukuxhuma kalula kumanethiwekhi abo abawathandayo ngaphandle kokuhlangabezana nezithiyo zokuhambisana. Leli phuzu lokungakhethi umhlinzeki liyinzuzo enkulu yokuncintisana ngoba livikela ikusasa lotshalomali lwakho lwezokuxhumana futhi lenza lula kakhulu ulwazi lomsebenzisi wokugcina. Ngokukhetha i-Shenzhen Narwhal, amabhizinisi athola ukufinyelela kubuchwepheshe bezintambo obusezingeni lomhlaba obusekelwa ubuchwepheshe beminyaka eminingi bokukhiqiza. Ungabuka uhla oluphelele lomkhiqizo ngokuvakashela ikhasi le-Products futhi ufunde kabanzi ngomlando wenkampani ekhasini elithi about.

Okwehlukanisa ngempela i-Narwhal kubakhiqizi abajwayelekile ukuzibophezela kwabo okungaguquki ekulethweni kwezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo ezihlukile zesakhiwo ngasinye, kunokuba baphushe imikhiqizo eyodwa-iyifanele yonke kubathengi abangazi lutho. Inkampani isebenzisana eduze namakhasimende nabaqondisi abaqinisekisiwe ukuze yakhe uhlelo lwe-DAS antenna olubhekana ngqo nezinkinga ezithile zokumboza kanye nezidingo zamandla kuyo yonke indawo yakho. Noma ngabe indawo yakho yokusebenza iyihhovisi elincane elinesitezi esisodwa noma ikhampasi yezimboni enkulu, i-Narwhal ingakwazi ukumisa inhlanganisela efanele yama-antenna nama-amplifier ukuze ikhulise ukusebenza kahle. Ithimba labo lobunjiniyela liqonda ngokugcwele ukuthi isakhiwo ngasinye sethula izinselele ezihlukile, njengezindonga zikakhonkolo eziminyene, izakhiwo zensimbi ezibonakalayo, noma amaphaseji amade amancane, futhi baklama ngokufanele nokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Narwhal ihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuphelele kuyo yonke impilo yephrojekthi, kusukela ekuboniswaneni kokuqala kwezobuchwepheshe kuze kufinyelele kusevisi yangemva kokuthengisa ezinikele ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuzinikela kwangempela ekwenzeni ngokwezidingo kanye nempumelelo yamakhasimende kubatholele idumela elikhulu ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile ngekhono labo, uyakhuthazwa ukuthi uvakashele ikhasi le-Solutions ukuze ubuyekeze izindlela zabo ezahlukahlukene zokusabalalisa.

Isabelo lwezimali ngokungenakugwemeka liba yisici esinqumayo lapho kukhethwa phakathi kwe-DAS esebenzayo neyokwenziwa, futhi umehluko wezimali phakathi kwazo umangalisa ngempela. Uhlelo lwe-antenna olusabalalisiwe olusebenzayo ngokujwayelekile lubiza phakathi kuka-$2 no-$10 nge-square foot ngayinye, inani elihlanganisa imishini ebizayo yokugcina, izintambo ze-fiber-optic, kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wokwakha. Esakhiweni esijwayelekile esingama-square foot angu-100,000, lesi sakhiwo samanani sihunyushwa sibe utshalomali olusukela emakhulwini ezinkulungwane kuya ezigidini eziningi zamadola. Izindleko ezinjalo ezinkulu zithetheleleka kuphela ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu, njengezinkundla zemidlalo zobungcweti noma izikhumulo zezindiza ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe. Izindleko eziphindaphindwayo zokulungisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu kwezinhlelo ezisebenzayo kuqhubeka kukhuphula izindleko zobunikazi ezinkathini zokusebenza kohlelo. Iningi lamabhizinisi alikwazi ukumelana naleli zinga lomthwalo wezimali ngezidingo zalo zansuku zonke zokuxhumana.

Ngokuphambene ngokuphelele, i-passive DAS evela e-Shenzhen Narwhal ibiza kuphela u-$0.30 kuya ku-$1.00 nge-square foot ngayinye, okuyenza ibe yindlela ethengekayo ngokumangalisayo engalahlekelwa lutho ngekhwalithi. Leli nani eliphansi kakhulu liyatholakala ngoba amasistimu e-passive asebenzisa ngobuhlakani amasignali akhona ocingo esikhundleni sokudinga isiteshi esiyisisekelo esibizayo kanye ne-fiber backbone enkulu. Kuleso sakhiwo esingama-square foot angu-100,000, i-Narwhal passive DAS imele ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphelele okungu-$30,000 kuya ku-$100,000, okuyisilinganiso esincane nje kuphela senani lesistimu ye-active. Izinzuzo zezimali zidlulela kude nangale kokufakwa kokuqala, ngoba amasistimu e-passive asebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu futhi adinga izinqubo zokulungisa ezilula kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Leli thuba elikhulu lezimali linika amabhizinisi amandla okuqondisa imali ebalulekile kwezinye izinhlelo zamasu ngenkathi esajabulela ukuxhumana okuhle nokuthembekile kubo bonke abasebenzisi. Uma ucabangela inani elihle kakhulu ngokuphelele, kuba sobala ngokungangabazeki ukuthi kungani i-passive DAS iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezimali ezinhlanganweni eziningi.

Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwe-DAS antenna kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile obuphezulu, okungukuthi ngenxa yalokho i-Shenzhen Narwhal incoma ngokuqinile ukubambisana nabaqinisekisiwe abanolwazi olujulile lwezimiso zokwakheka kwe-RF kanye nemithetho yendawo yokwakha. Laba ochwepheshe abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqala ngokwenza ucwaningo oluphelele lwesiza ukuze bathole zonke izindawo ezingenayo isignali futhi babale indawo ekahle yokubeka izimpondo, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kokumboza kusukela ngosuku lokuqala. Uma umklamo wobunjiniyela usuqediwe futhi wamukelwe, ukufakwa kwangempela kuqhubeka ngokushesha, ngokuphazamiseka okuncane kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesakhiwo ngenxa yendlela elula yezintambo ze-passive DAS. Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokufakwa, lonke uhlelo luhlolwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla esignali ahlangabezana namazinga okusebenza alindelekile kuzo zonke izindawo zesakhiwo. Izixazululo ze-passive DAS zika-Narwhal ziphinde zifake amandla okuqapha ukude, okwenza abaphathi bezakhiwo nabaqinisekisi bakwazi ukulandelela impilo yohlelo nezinkomba zokusebenza cishe noma kuphi. Lokhu kubonakala kude kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukulungisa ngokubona izinkinga ezikhulayo ngaphambi kokuba zibe ukwehluleka okubizayo nokuphazamisayo. Ngomlingani ofanele wokuqalisa namathuluzi ahlakaniphile okuqapha, i-DAS yakho yangaphakathi izoletha isevisi eqinile nethembekile iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Ukuxhumana okuthembekile phakathi kwezakhiwo sekuguqukile kusuka ekubeni yinto elula kuye ekubeni yisidingo esibalulekile ebhizinisini ezinhlanganweni ezilwela ukuhlala ziqhudelana emnothweni wanamuhla ogxile kwezokuxhumana ngocingo. Izinganekwane ze-DAS antenna eziphazamisa izinkampani ekwamukeleni izixazululo ezingenzi lutho ziyachithwa kalula uma uhlolisisa ngokucophelela ubufakazi obuqinile obethulwe kulo lonke lolu hlaziyo. Izinhlelo zanamuhla ze-passive DAS zizinzile ngokwemvelo, zifakwa ngokushesha okumangalisayo, futhi ziyakwazi ukuletha ukumbozwa okuqinile ezindaweni ezinkulu ngezindleko ezingaphansi kakhulu kunezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo. I-Shenzhen Narwhal Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. inikeza ama-DAS antenna aqinisekiswe yi-FCC, ahambisana nezinkampani zocingo, futhi enziwe ngokunembile ukuze ahambisane nezidingo ezithile zokusebenza kwesakhiwo sakho. Izixazululo zazo ezingenzi lutho ezingabizi kakhulu ziletha inani elihle kakhulu kuyilapho zisekela konke kusukela ekuxhumaneni okujwayelekile ehhovisi kuya ekufakweni kwesistimu ye-distributed antenna system 5g ebheke phambili esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sokuxhumana. Ngokubambisana ne-Narwhal kanye nenethiwekhi yabo yabahlanganisi abaqinisekisiwe, ungaguqula isakhiwo sakho sibe indawo exhumeke kahle ethuthukisa ukusebenzisana ngakunye. Ukutshala imali ku-Narwhal DAS antenna ekugcineni kuyisinqumo esinamasu esikhulisa umkhiqizo, siphakamisa ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, futhi silungiselela kahle ibhizinisi lakho ezidingweni zobuchwepheshe ezizayo. Thatha isinyathelo sokuqala namuhla ngokuhlola ikhasi labo lasekhaya (Home page) nokuqala ingxoxo ngekhasi lokuxhumana nathi (Contact Us page) ukuze uxoxe ngezidingo zakho ezithile zephrojekthi. Ungahlala unolwazi ngezitayela ezishintshayo zemboni kanye nezinqubo ezinhle zokufaka ngokubheka njalo ikhasi lezindaba (News page) ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva zenkampani nezindatshana zobuchwepheshe.